Monday, May 29, 2017

Historical Context and General Importance

The book was written in 1992, less than a decade after the first MacIntosh was released. These computers would sometimes “Snow Crash” where their screens would turn blue with a white fuzz; this served as Stephenson's inspiration.  Stephenson was a visionary, for things like the Internet did not become popular until late 1992.
In 1992, America's economy was not doing well, and the Cold War still haunted people’s minds. Technology, however, continued to advance at record speeds. 2G mobile phones were just launched, although fax was the main form of electronic communication; CD sales surpassed those of audio cassette tapes for the first time, and photo CDs were just launched; Microsoft had just released Windows 3.1, and the internet — the World Wide Web — had just been created a year ago, though its explosive growth wouldn’t happen yet for another year.
Stephenson spun these new devices with a science fiction edge, predicting that cell phones would get smaller and more powerful, and that the Library of Congress would eventually turn to digital books and videos as their main way of storing information. While he first coined the now widely used term ‘Metaverse’ in this novel to depict a virtual reality space where people can interact with each other through the Internet he also predicted the need for digital copyright and Google Earth. The distrust of government post Cold War led Stephenson to predict a government like Fedland that was even less efficient that organized crime syndicates like the Mafia.

Stephenson relied heavily on the Tower of Babel story and Sumerian mythology to form the premise of his novel, and although the story has its roots in ancient myths, Snow Crash remains eerily close to reality even now. While virtual reality systems as complex and refined as the Metaverse are still a work in progress, they seem as close on the horizon as the collapse of American economy and government in Stephenson’s work.

As more of the technologies and ideas from Snow Crash become a reality, the lessons and warnings in the novel become increasingly relevant. This novel is a must read for anyone in the modern era, as society deals with complex social and moral issues including hacking, digital privacy, dangerous and malicious computer viruses, corporate influence in government, and fake news. We think that Snow Crash will continue to be read in the future as long as digital technologies are an important factor of our lives.

Themes

Learning from the Past

One of the recurring ideas in Snow Crash is learning from the past because the knowledge is crucial to solving new problems. In order to prevent Snow Crash from spreading like a virus in the Metaverse, Hiro must gain access to information on the development of Snow Crash. He approaches the Librarian, who teaches Hiro about ancient Christianity and Sumerian history. The Librarian states that "many Pentecostal Christians believe that the gift of tongues was given to them so that they could spread their religion to other peoples without having to actually learn their language" (193). The spreading of religion suggests that the ancient Christians have intentionally made their information prevalent so that future generations can learn from their values. The Librarian also mentions that "Sumer's legacy is its megabytes" (201). Sumerian megabytes represent the connection between the knowledge of Sumerian history and the modern definition of bytes in a computer. Mentioning the legacy of Sumer as megabytes implies that Snow Crash as a digital virus originates from the fact that Sumerians have kept their data organized in one place. Therefore, Hiro would have a better idea of how Snow Crash spreads in the Metaverse. In the end, Hiro comes to the conclusion that "maybe the nam-shub of Enki wasn't such a bad thing. Maybe Babel was the best thing that ever happened to us" (261). Through learning about the details of Sumerian mythology as well as the development of Christianity, Hiro realizes that he must use events that happened in the past to solve problems that occur in the present for a better future. History seems to repeat itself in a way.


Differing Levels of Reality


As the characters alternate existence between the Metaverse and the real world, they must determine when to initiate which actions because different settings yield different consequences for those actions. After Da5id (pronounced "David") has been infected by Snow Crash, Hiro speculates that "you can't get hurt by looking at a bitmap. Or can you?" (177). Hiro's speculation shows that the characters in the book frequently switch universes. In other words, Da5id may be dead in the Metaverse, but he is still alive in the real world as he logs off the digital world and returns to reality. Similarly, Y.T. often switches between the two worlds. The relationship between her and her mother generally marks the reason for her spontaneous and controversial actions in the Metaverse. Y.T. makes a point that if people like her mother "would make some effort to just stay in touch with sort of basic, modern-day events, then [their] kids wouldn't have to take these drastic measures" (249). Her remark reveals that her mother does not take Y.T.'s constant switching between worlds into too much consideration because her mother only exists in one of them. Y.T. must try to save both worlds from falling apart because she cares for her mother and Hiro at the same time.

Major Locations

Metaverse - The Metaverse is a virtual reality game where people can log onto and create their own avatars. They can then wander around the Metaverse, build their own homes, talk to friends, or just hang out. It has its own currency separate from the modern day America’s. Within the Metaverse is a restricted area called the Black Sun. It was originally constructed by Hiro and his friend Da5id and has quickly become one of the most famous areas for the elite of the Metaverse.
Fedland- Fedland is one of the last remnants of the “old America,” as an organization far removed, but reminiscent of the federal government. The workers there are expected to be near perfect in all they do, never question their superiors, and to be fiercely loyal the Fedland. YT’s mother is an employee here.
Mr. Lee’s Greater Hong Kong Area- This is one of many different corporate housing areas provided in the book, and the one that Hiro is a citizen of. There are several ‘Mr. Lee’s’ in the area of the United States, all of which the residents can access with their ID. This corporation is famous for their intense security.
The Raft- Owned by L Bob Rife, there are a eccentric group of people latched onto this boat that speak a strange language. It travels throughout the Atlantic Ocean picking up more and more people. In the center is Rife’s the Enterprise, and connected to it are many many different rafts of sorts that drift with the boat.

Nova Scotia- These areas are run by Uncle Enzo and the mafia. Nova Scotia is both a housing area and a pizzeria. They take pride in the concept of family and being warm and welcoming to all people.

Characters


Hiro Protagonist is a hacker and the protagonist of the novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson. He is first introduced as a pizza delivery driver for the Mafia, which is run by Nova Scotia pizzeria, although is quickly fired due to a botched delivery. Although Hiro is half Asian and half African, his background as an Army brat has had a large influence on him as well. He lauds himself as the greatest swordfighter in the world, and this is especially true in the Metaverse as he was the one to program the software for it. He was one of the original people to join the Metaverse and because of this has programmed large chunks of its software including how sword fighting works in the world.

Y.T. (Yours Truly) is a skilled Kourier, which is similar to a mailman or FedEx deliverer except that she rides a skateboard in order to deliver packages or letters. Y.T. has a magnetic harpoon which allows her to latch onto cars on the road and maneuver the streets. She is only fifteen years old and lives with her mom who is an employee at Fedland. Her mom is not very aware of what goes on in Y.T.’s life yet Y.T. still genuinely cares for her. Y.T. and Hiro meet during a delivery and become partners to gather information to sell to the CIC (Central Intelligence Corporation).

Raven, or Dmitri Ravinoff, is an Aleut with the words ‘poor impulse control’ tattooed on his forehead and is extremely well-versed in the art of killing. As an Aleut, he is an expert navigator and canoer and is also good at using a harpoon. His favored style of killing, however, is with his bare hands or with glass knives. He does have a nuclear bomb attached to his motorcycle as an added precaution and is the most dangerous man in this world.

L Bob Rife is the richest man in this version of America. He has a monopoly on all communications and is the owner of the Raft. His intentions are not well known, except that he has a strong interest in ancient Sumerian mythology.

Lagos is a gargoyle, a person who is continuously connected to the Metaverse and walks around with all of his/her goggles and gear. He created the code for the Librarian, a program that stores all the information he discovered about the Sumerian mythology, Bob L. Rife, and Snow Crash. His work was essential to Hiro in finding the cure to Snow Crash.

Uncle Enzo is the head of Nova Scotia pizzeria. In this version of America, Nova Scotia is actually the American Mafia. They pride themselves on delivering pizza within 30 minutes of the time of order. He works with other people to determine and stop the Snow Crash virus.

Friday, May 26, 2017

About the Author


Famous for writing about dystopian conspiracies along with heavy metal rock music, Neal Stephenson was born on October 31, 1959 (https://lccn.loc.gov/n82269163). He was originally a physics major, but he later switched to study geography so that he could spend more time on the university’s computer. Although his main job is writing novels, Stephenson has also worked on cars and labored agriculture in the past. In 1984, he published his first novel The Big U. Stephenson wrote Snow Crash while listening to "loud, relentless, depressing music" (441) in the years 1988 to 1991. His hobbies include computer playing, rollerblading, and pounding nails, while immersing himself in his favorite music: speed metal.

(Source: “About the Author” in Snow Crash)